Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
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Query Trace: Kosgey A[original query] |
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Does the length of specimen storage affect influenza testing results by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction? An analysis of influenza surveillance specimens, 2008 to 2010
Caselton D , Arunga G , Emukule G , Muthoka P , Mayieka L , Kosgey A , Ochola R , Waiboci L , Feikin D , Mott J , Breiman R , Katz M . Euro Surveill 2014 19 (36) In some influenza surveillance systems, timely transport to laboratories for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is challenging. Guidelines suggest that samples can be stored at 4°C for up to 96 hours but the effect of longer storage times has not been systematically evaluated. We collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens from patients in Kenya and stored them in viral transport medium at 2 to 8°C before testing for influenza A and B using real-time RT-PCR. From April 2008 to November 2010, we collected 7,833 samples; 940 (12%) were positive for influenza. In multivariable analysis, specimens stored for six days were less likely to be influenza-positive compared to specimens stored between zero and one day (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.93). There was no statistically significant difference in influenza positivity of specimens stored for five days compared to zero to one day. There was no statistically significant relationship between days in refrigeration and cycle threshold (Ct) values for positive samples (p=0.31). We found that samples could remain in storage for at least five days without affecting the proportion-positive of samples, potentially increasing the feasibility of including influenza surveillance sites in remote areas. |
Uptake and effectiveness of monovalent influenza A (H1N1) pandemic 2009 vaccine among healthcare personnel in Kenya, 2010
Njuguna H , Ahmed J , Oria PA , Arunga G , Williamson J , Kosgey A , Muthoka P , Mott JA , Breiman RF , Katz MA . Vaccine 2013 31 (41) 4662-7 INTRODUCTION: During April-June 2010, the Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation distributed free monovalent influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines to health care personnel (HCP) and other vulnerable groups. We conducted a prospective, cohort study among HCP to characterize influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine uptake, and to assess influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine effectiveness. METHODS: We enrolled HCP from 5 hospitals and followed them for 6 months. At enrollment, we asked HCP if they had received the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine and their reasons for their decision. We administered weekly questionnaires to participants about respiratory symptoms suffered during the previous week. Participants who had acute respiratory illness were asked to contact our surveillance clinician and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected and later tested for influenza by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated by comparing the incidence of acute respiratory illness, absenteeism from work due to respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated HCP. RESULTS: We enrolled 3803 HCP from the five hospitals; 64% received influenza vaccine. Vaccinated HCP were more likely to develop acute respiratory illness (ARI) and more likely to report missed days of work due to respiratory illness compared to non-vaccinated HCP (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.50, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.33-1.70) and (aIRR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.41-2.88), respectively. Of 531 samples collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated HCP, 30 were influenza A and 3 were influenza B. Two influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subtypes were isolated; one from vaccinated and the other from non-vaccinated HCP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A majority of Kenyan HCP surveyed reported receiving the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine. Because of low circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the study period, vaccine effectiveness could not be determined. The findings of increased ARI events and missed days of work among vaccinated HCP were likely confounded by vaccine-seeking behavioral factors. |
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